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    Plastics recycling – Latest news from the (Krones) world

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    04. November 2024
    6:20 min.

    Rising demand for plastics, and the disposal problems entailed, have led an ever-increasing number of consumers, companies and national governments to realise just how important plastics recycling is. And the resulting demand for innovative recycling lines is huge. In July 2024, Krones established Krones Recycling as an independent subsidiary in order to participate in that growth. So now is the perfect time to take a look at the future of recycling, both at Krones and worldwide.

    As you will know, the use of recycled plastics offers many advantages: It reduces the amounts of CO₂ emitted during production of plastic packaging and the dependence on fossil resources, and it helps combat global littering. The bad news is that there’s still plenty to do because according to Plastics Europe only just under 27 per cent of all plastic waste in Europe is at present recycled. The percentage for recycling on a global scale is even smaller. The good news is that numbers are rising, thanks not least to countless regulations introduced by governments all over the world. A variety of legal requirements have been (or are currently being) approved in the EU, such as: 

    • The Plastic Tax enacted in 2021: That is a levy to be paid by companies on non-recycled plastic packaging to the amount of 0.80 euros per kilogram. The scheduled year of introduction in Germany is 2025.
    • Mandatory use of recycled material for plastic packaging: PET beverage bottles, for example, must be made of at least 25 per cent rPET as from 2025, and of at least 30 per cent rPET as from 2030. 
    • A mandatory deposit system for PET beverage bottles and beverage cans is scheduled to be introduced in each EU country as part of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) as from 2029.
    • Tethered caps make sure that a higher number of caps are kept in the cycle of re-usable materials when non-returnable beverage bottles are recycled. 

    And worldwide:

    • In the past few years, India, Thailand and South Korea have approved recycled plastics for food contact and formulated some ambitious goals. India, for example, has specified a proportion of 10 per cent recycled materials in rigid plastic packaging as from 2025 .
    • In the USA, some states like California are leading the way with deposit systems and binding rPET quotas.
    • The UN’s Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastics Pollution has been tasked with developing an instrument by the end of 2024, which is to be legally binding on an international scale and aimed at reducing plastic littering worldwide.

    But companies have also developed a heightened awareness for the need to recycle more material. To give you an example: According to the Fraunhofer Institute, many firms have implemented take-back programmes for their packaging to make sure it is definitely recycled. Some manufacturers of PET bottles have voluntarily increased the target value for recycled content and already produce bottles made of up to 100 per cent rPET – not least because consumer demand for them has grown.

    Waste isn’t rubbish!?

    As a result of the ongoing progress in legislation and a steady rise in demand from companies, the market for recycled plastics is also growing. And technological advances are likewise driving the recycling market. It is widely known that PET beverage bottles and their caps (made of polyolefin) can nowadays be recycled without any problems, so the plastics recovered can be re-used. And this means, contrary to mainstream thinking, that PET bottles are among the most sustainable types of packaging currently available! But it is meanwhile also possible to recycle other plastics: Systems that are able to recycle other types of packaging, such as detergent containers made of HDPE, LDPE films or yoghurt tubs made of polystyrene (see box) are already up and running today. Whereas it used to be mainly bottling companies and big beverage brands that rigorously pursued PET recycling in order to achieve their sustainability targets, the disposal firms themselves have now come to realise that plastic waste isn’t rubbish but a valuable source of raw materials with great inherent potential.

     

    Recycling at Krones

    In keeping with the trends observable throughout the sector, Krones has also attached ever-greater importance to plastics recycling. It’s quite simply a matter of mathematics: Ten grams of PET per bottle for an hourly output of 100,000 bottles, that makes one million grams per hour and 24 tons a day. There are meanwhile bottling lines that can fill and pack up to 100,000 PET bottles an hour. With a production output of over 20 tons, such a line distributes quite a sizeable amount of plastic on the market every day. And that was precisely the reason why Krones even back in the early 2000s recognised both its responsibility in regard to sustainable plastics management and the full potential offered by plastics recycling: Drawing upon its extensive experience in the field of bottle washing, the company has modified this know-how to meet the requirements of plastics recycling and has kept on refining its concept ever since. This year, roughly two decades later, the group took the next logical step: spinning off Krones Recycling, which operates independently as its subsidiary.

    Who is Krones Recycling?

    Krones Recycling GmbH is headquartered in Flensburg, Germany, and started operations on 1 July 2024 under the management of Dr. Michael Gotsche. Since then, the company has been handling all activities to do with plastics recycling but continues to use Krones’ global production, sales and service network. As an independent subsidiary, its mission is to supply its customers in the plastics and disposal industries all around the world with modules and systems for sustainable and profitable production of top-quality recyclates – obtained from PET as well as from polyolefins and polystyrene. No matter what type of plastic is involved, Krones Recycling supports its customers from the first feasibility study right through to installation of the turnkey line and beyond.

    Best equipped for all trends

    Since the spin-off in July this year, Krones Recycling has been able to respond faster to new developments on the recycling market. “Our mission is to put together just the right recycling line that fits in perfectly with each of our global customers’ needs and local conditions,” explains Michael Gotsche, Managing Director of Krones Recycling GmbH. “On turnkey projects, the proportion of third-party kit is higher than in our traditional Krones business. And compared to the beverage sector, our new market experiences ever-changing input flows, which is a real challenge. That is why we have to decide in each individual case which components are best suited to meet and master the disparate requirements and who can provide them.”

    Given the globally rising demand for recycling solutions, a wide variety of aspects must be considered in putting together the right system. Here are two examples: A line to be installed in a country where bottles are frequently collected on sandy beaches will need a different washing process than a line intended for a region with an established take-back system. And a line layout for a country with high staff costs will focus on quite different aspects than that for a region where energy is the limiting factor.

    And the product portfolio itself has evolved as well, from bottle-to-bottle recycling pure and simple to equipment handling a wider range of materials: Krones Recycling now also offers systems for other plastics, such as polyolefins or polystyrene. Demand for polyolefin-recycling solutions, in particular, has recently soared so that PO recycling lines meanwhile account for about 50 per cent of all lines ordered. Recycling companies mainly from the USA are currently investing heavily in the latter and have chosen Krones Recycling to supply their lines. “It was only a matter of time until this potential would be realised. You see, the market for polyolefins is about twice as big as the PET market,” is how Michael Gotsche explains the rise in demand.

    At the same time, the company is working on upgrading the recycling process for film material and multi-layered plastics. Krones Recycling’s in-house Recycling Technology Center is of huge benefit here. It serves to find solutions for rendering further types of plastic amenable to recycling in future and ways of simultaneously reducing the consumption of water, media and energy in collaboration with customers and other business associates. Not only does the development of solutional approaches give Krones Recycling an attractive competitive edge, it is also part of the subsidiary’s strategy designed to help meet the sustainability targets set out in Krones’ vision.

    Recycling “beyond tomorrow“

    For 2030, Krones Recycling has set itself the target of feeding at least 30 per cent of the plastic material put into circulation by Krones back into the plastics cycle as recovered resources. And the prospects are excellent! Markets of Asia and Africa are dynamically growing, and demand keeps on rising – as it’s the case in India for example. A rethink is also observable when it comes to price awareness. To quote Michael Gotsche: “We’ve found that our customers definitely appreciate our lines’ long-term performance provided by the top-quality materials they’re made of and our excellent after-sales service support. Just as much as the fact that we make systems that save energy, water and other resources a top priority in our lines because it cuts their operating and consequential costs. With our recycling solutions, we enable our customers to combine sustainability and performance to optimum effect. You see, in my view the sustainability concept will only catch on when it also makes economic sense.”

    04. November 2024
    6:20 min.

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